Can I reach Venice from Chioggia with an ACTV tourist limited time ticket?

Yes, you can, using line 11. It’s a mixed bus + ferry + waterbus line and passes through Chioggia – Pellestrina – Lido. It takes 1 hour and 15 minutes to go from Chioggia to Lido S. M. Elisabetta and then another 10–15 minutes to reach Saint Mark’s (line 1, 2, Ln to San Zaccaria or San Marco Giardinetti).